Solution:
The following externally mass transfer–limited reaction was carried out in a packed–bed reactor.
\begin{align*}
A + \frac{b}{a} B \longrightarrow \frac{c}{a} C + \frac{d}{a} D
\end{align*}
Please show that the conversion is
\begin{align*}
\ln \frac{1}{1 – X} = \frac{k_c a_c}{U} L
\end{align*}
where $U$ is the superficial molar average velocity through the bed; $L$ is the reactor length.
